Cell Structure

-

  What is cell? 

It is important to note that the cell's are not only the building blocks of the body but are the functional unit of life too. The basic unit of life. A cell is the smallest self-functioning unit found in all the living organisms. Cells may exist as independent unit of life or may form colonies or tissue as in the higher plants and animals. Each cell is enclosed by an outer membrane or cell wall called as the cell membrane. 

Cell structure:-

The animal cell is made up of several structure organelles enclosed in the plasma membrane, that enable it to function properly, eliciting mechanism that benefit the host (animal). The working together of all cells gives an animal it's ability to move, to reproduce, to respond to stimuli, to digest and absorb food, etc. Generally, the combined effort by all animal cells is what enables the normal functioning of the body. 

Eukaryotes are organisms consisting of one or more eukaryotic cells, such cells contains membrane bound nuclei, as well as organelles. Animals, plants, fungi and various other groups collectively referred to as protista are all eukaryotes, varying from single-celled organisms to truly multicellular forms, in which different cells are specialized different tasks and in general do not survive when isolated.

Functions:

  • Structure and Support. You know a house is made of bricks. ...
  • Growth. In complex organisms such as humans, the tissues grow by simple multiplication of cells. ...
  • Transport. ...
  • Energy Production. ...
  • Metabolism. ...
  • Reproduction.
  • Cell Structure
    • cell walls.
    • mitochondria.
    • chloroplasts.
    • cell membrane.
    • vacuole.
    • nucleus.
    • ribosomes.
    • plasmids.

Plasma membrane:-

It is a thin semipermeable protein-membrane layer that surrounds an animal cell. 

°Functions :

To enclose and protect the cell content.To also regulate the molecules that pass into and out of the cells, through the plasma membrane. Therefore it controls homeostasis. The protein are actively involved in transporting material across the membrane.

°Nucleus:- 

The nucleus is called the control center of the cell. 

°Functions:-

  • control of the genetical information of the cell and thus the heredity characteristics of an organism,
  • control of the protein and enzyme synthesis.
  • control of cell division and cell growth.
  • storage of DNA, RNA and ribosome.
  • regulation of the transcription of the mRNA to protein.
  • production of ribosomes.
°Cytoplasm:-

This is a gel-like material that contains all the cell organelles, enclosed within the cell membrane. These organelles include, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes intermediate filaments,microfilaments microtubules, vesicles. 

°Mitochondria:-

Mitochondria are surrounded by a double-membrane system, consisting of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembrane space. 
 
°Functions :

  • It plays an important role in energy production through oxidative phosphorylation.
  • It is involved in the detoxification process in hepatocytes.
  • It helps in regulating the metabolic activities of the cell.
  • It promotes the cell growth and multiplication of cells.
°Ribosomes:-

A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. 

°Functions:-

Responsible for protein synthesis.
Serve as the site of mRNA translation.
It assembles amino acid to form proteins.
The DNA produces mRNA by the process of DNA transcription.

°Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):-

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. 

°Functions:-

ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) is responsible for transport. ...
It plays an important role in the synthesis of lipids, glycogen, and proteins. ...
They provide a wide area for cellular reactions.
It acts as an Intracellular supporting framework that also maintains the form of the cell. 

 1) ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM:-

This is an extensive organelle composed of greatly convoluted but flattish sealed sacs, which are contiguous with the nuclear membrane. It is called 'rough' endoplasmic reticulum because it is studded on its outer surface (the surface in contact with the cytosol) with ribosomes.

°Functions:-

The rough ER purpose is to produce proteins that will become part of the endomembrane system, the plasma membrane or to be secreted. 
 
 2)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER):-

 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), meshwork of fine dislike tubular membrane vesicles, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. 

°Functions:-

Smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol. Smooth ER is also responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones. It is also responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates. The smooth ER store and releases calcium ions.

°Golgi Apparatus:-

A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

°Functions:-
 
The three primary functions of the Golgi apparatus are the transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid, and the protein composition of the organelle reflects these functions.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Liver

-
Image
 Structure of liver:- The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines. Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds. There are 2 distinct sources that supply blood to the liver, including the following: Oxygenated blood flows in from the hepatic artery Nutrient-rich blood flows in from the hepatic portal vein The liver holds about one pint (13%) of the body's blood supply at any given moment. The liver consists of 2 main lobes. Both are made up of 8 segments that consist of 1,000 lobules (small lobes). These lobules are connected to small ducts (tubes) that connect with larger ducts to form the common hepatic duct. The common hepatic duct transports the bile made by the liver cells to the gallbladder and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) via the common bile duct. 
Read more

Composition of egg

-
 Egg consists of three main parts, the shell, the egg white and the egg yolk. The  shell consists of calcite crystals embedded in a matrix of proteins and  polysaccharide complex. Inside the shell the viscous colorless liquid called the  egg white accounts for about 58 per cent of the total egg weight. The composition of eggs.  •Egg White Egg white is composed of thin and thick portions. 20-25% of the total white of fresh eggs (1-5 days old) is thin white. The chief constituents of egg white besides water are proteins. Different types of proteins are present in egg white. •Ovalbumin  This constitutes 55% of the proteins of egg white. This is a phospho glycoprotein and is composed of three components A1, A2, and A3, which differ only in phosphorus content. Conalbumin this constitutes 13% protein of the egg albumin. It consists of two forms neither of which contains phosphorus nor sulphur. •Ovamucoid It is a glycoprotein. This constitutes about 10%...
Read more

Food Exchange

-
  What is food exchange?  The word exchange refers to  the food items on each list which may be substituted with any other food item on the same list . One exchange is approximately equal to another in carbohydrate, calories, protein and fat within each food list. The exchange system can simplify meal planning and ensure a consistent, nutritionally balanced diet, while it adds variety in one's diet because exchanges in the same group can be eaten interchangeably. Many people with diabetes use a food-balancing program called the exchange meal plan to guide what they eat each day. For this meal plan, foods are divided into six groups: starch, fruit, milk, fat, vegetable, and meat. Food Exchange List (FEL) is a user friendly tool which was developed to help individuals to aid healthy eating habits and follow a specific diet plan. This may be a helpful supplementary strategy when helping patients prevent or manage non-communicable diseases that are affected by diet especially...
Read more