Function

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 •Functions of protein:-

What are some functions of proteins? The major functions of proteins are providing structure, regulating body processes, transporting materials, balancing fluids, helping with immunity, and providing energy. Each of the different functions is associated with a different, or multiple different, type of protein.

Provide Structure

Structural proteins are a type of protein responsible for cell shape and providing support to major structures, such as hair, skin, and bones. Many structural proteins exist in the human body. Two of the most common are collagen and keratin.

  • Collagen is the structural protein that is present in bones, connective tissues, and skin. It is hard and fibrous and makes up approximately one-third of the protein in the human body.
  • Keratin is also a structural protein that is found in hair, nails, and skin as well as the linings of organs and glands. The amino acid composition of keratin differs from collagen, giving them different functions.

Regulate Body Processes

Proteins regulate many processes within the body. Enzymes are a type of protein that accelerates the rate of chemical reactions, including digestion and DNA replication. Without enzymes, these life-sustaining chemical reactions would occur too slowly. Protein hormones also regulate body processes. Hormones are responsible for sending signals in the body to regulate cell activity. Insulin is a protein hormone that regulates metabolism by promoting glucose absorption in cells.

Transport Materials

Another function of proteins in the human body is to transport other materials around. Transport proteins move ions or molecules across biological membranes. Hemoglobin is a protein that is present in red blood cells.

Illustration of red blood cells which contain the protein hemoglobin.

red blood cells

It is a transport protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues. When a person breathes, oxygen molecules from the air move out of the lungs into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin which then transports it to other tissues in the body. Hemoglobin is also involved in the transport of carbon dioxide out of the body. 

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