Protein

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 •Classification :


Classification based on composition

Proteins may be divided into two major classes on the basis of their behavior when reacted with water. The products obtained upon hydrolysis of simple proteins are all amino acids. In the case of conjugated proteins other organic and/or inorganic substances are obtained. The non-amino acid portions of conjugated proteins may consist of metals, lipids, sugars, phosphate, or other types of molecules. These components are referred to as prosthetic groups.

 

Classification based on structural shape

Proteins may also be subdivided on the basis of their molecular shape or conformation. In the fibrous proteins long polymer chains are arranged parallel or nearly parallel to one another to give long fibers or sheets. This arrangement results in physically tough materials which do not dissolve in water. The fibrous proteins are fundamental components of structural tissues such as tendons, bone, hair, horn, leather, claws, and feathers.

 

1bkv collagen 02

Collagen, a fibrous, simple protein. Image by © Nevit Dilmen, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

By contrast, polymer chains of the globular proteins fold back on themselves to produce compact, nearly spherical shapes. Most globular proteins are water-soluble and hence are relatively mobile within a cell. Some examples are enzymes, antibodies, hormones, toxins, and substances such as hemoglobin whose function is to transport simple molecules or even electrons from one place to another. The enzyme trypsin, is a typical globular protein.

3. Classification of Proteins Based on Composition

If they are carbohydrates that are added in an amount between 5 and 40% of the molecule, the protein is called glycoproteins and glycosylated proteins. If the proportion of carbohydrates to pass more than 90% of the molecule, one blade of peptidoglycan, they have passive protection.

  • There are two main types of proteins. Those containing only amino acids are holoproteins.
  • Those containing a protein moiety (the apoprotein ) and a non-protein portion are hemoproteins.
  • Both parts are linked in various ways: covalent bonds, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic. This non-protein portion may be a group prosthetic ( inducing the emergence of new biological properties setting, as heme in haemoglobin).
  • The element can be added to one or more metal cofactors (Cu, Zn, …) that metalloprotein.
  • A chromoprotein contains a pigment and a phosphoprotein comprises one or more inorganic phosphates.
  • Also exist nucleoproteins by adding acid nucleic, and lipoproteins by addition of lipids.


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